alcohol use disorder(English)

• lifetime incidence is as high as 30%, with alcohol use being a leading cause of death [3 million worldwide in 2016 or 5.3% of all deaths worldwide], apart from adverse societal impacts. Early theories of addiction maintenance proposed single key mechanisms, such as allostasis, or hedonic signaling. These early theories have given way to multifactorial models of addiction, such as the “three-stage cycle” model. Success rates for quitting drinking are low [30–40%]
• CDA, HCP, AIE, EEG, miRNA, NADIA, ATP, mtDNA, CIA, MOAS, dAIC, DD, FC, MRI, PPI, ALD, NAFLD
• Alcohol, Addiction and health, Epigenetics
• https://doi.org…003-021-01955-z
• https://doi.org…unction/zqac039
• https://doi.org…ins.2020.561173
• https://doi.org…1111/acer.14888
• https://doi.org…000000000002572