There are multiple definitions:

1. gradient vector flow(English)

   • used to create a vector field from images that point to object edges from a distance, but is unable to extract acute concave shapes
   • DGVF, FFT, BVF, MRI
   • Bioengineering, Medical imaging
   • https://en.wiki…ent_vector_flow
   • https://doi.org…ME.2009.2012423

2. gradient vector field(English)

   • IHP, PCA
   • Bioengineering
   • https://tutoria…ctorFields.aspx
   • https://www.mat…0/labpages/lab7

3. Goldmann visual field(English)

   • Ophthalmology